Protocol

In the context of network technology, a protocol refers to a set of agreed-upon rules and procedures that dictate how data is transmitted and received across networks. Protocols are essential specifications that ensure different computer systems, regardless of the underlying hardware or software differences, can communicate effectively. They define the format, timing, sequencing, and error-checking methods required for successful data exchanges.

The implementation of protocols allows for structured communication between devices, making it possible to send and receive data over shared networks like the internet. Protocols are layered within a stack, each layer addressing a specific subset of the communication tasks. Common examples include:

Each protocol operates at a different layer of the network model, handling specific networking functions to ensure data travels securely and efficiently from one point to another. By adhering to these protocols, network devices can interoperate seamlessly, supporting a wide array of functions from basic file sharing to complex cloud computing services. Protocols are fundamental to the architecture of networks, providing the guidelines that pave the way for open, flexible, and secure data communication.