File-Level Encryption

File-Level Encryption is a security method that involves encrypting the contents of individual files using software or hardware solutions. Unlike disk encryption, which encrypts an entire storage device, file-level encryption allows for selective encryption of specific files, providing flexibility and targeted protection of sensitive data.

This technique ensures that each file is encrypted with a unique key, and only authorized users can decrypt and access the contents. When a file is accessed, the encryption algorithm converts the encrypted data back into its original form, provided the correct key or credentials are supplied. This happens transparently in the background, ensuring seamless access for authorized users while keeping the data secure from unauthorized access.

File-level encryption is particularly useful in scenarios where it is essential to protect specific pieces of sensitive information without encrypting the entire storage medium. It is often used to secure files stored on shared networks or cloud storage, where different levels of access need to be maintained. This method also supports compliance with data protection regulations, such as GDPR or HIPAA, by safeguarding personal and sensitive information.

In summary, file-level encryption offers a high degree of control and security, making it an excellent choice for protecting critical data in a granular fashion while allowing for regular operations on non-sensitive files without the overhead of decryption.