File Integrity Monitoring

File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) is a security process that involves the continuous surveillance and evaluation of critical files or logs within a computer system to detect unauthorized changes. This technique is essential for ensuring the integrity and security of system files and software applications.

FIM systems function by initially creating a baseline, a snapshot of the file system in its trusted and secure state, including details like file size, permissions, and hash values. Subsequent scans are conducted at regular intervals to compare the current state of the file system against the baseline. Any deviation from this baseline, such as modifications to file attributes, content changes, or unauthorized access attempts, triggers an alert to the security personnel.

This monitoring is crucial for compliance with various regulatory requirements, such as those specified by HIPAA, PCI DSS, and SOX, which mandate the protection of sensitive information and the implementation of adequate security measures. File Integrity Monitoring helps in the early detection of potential security breaches, such as malware infections or insider threats, and plays a vital role in the broader context of risk management and cybersecurity defense strategies.