Also called: Card association, Card brand, Card scheme, Interchange network, Payment network
What a card network is
A card network is the system and rulebook that lets a card transaction travel between your business and the bank that issued your customer’s card. In the US, the major networks are Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover. The network is not the same as your processor or your customer’s issuing bank.
When you accept a card, your processor sends an authorization request through the acquiring side and the network to the issuer. The issuer approves or declines, then the response travels back along the route. After approval, transaction information moves through clearing and settlement so funds can reach your merchant account. An authorization is not the same as settled funds.
Network fees are part of accepting cards, but your processor’s markup is the part you can negotiate.
What the network controls
Networks set operating rules for card acceptance, transaction handling, and dispute processes. They also publish network fees and assessments. Visa and Mastercard connect many issuing and acquiring banks. American Express and Discover also operate networks and issue cards, so the businesses involved can differ by brand.
The network is one layer in your card costs. Interchange goes to the issuing bank, network fees go to the network, and your processor charges a markup for its services. As of 2026, Visa’s assessment is 0.14% on credit sales and 0.13% on debit and prepaid sales. Mastercard’s assessment is 0.14% on sales, plus 0.01% on transactions of $1,000 or more.
Illustrative Visa credit assessment
| $10,000 in credit sales | $14.00 assessment |
|---|
Illustrative calculation using Visa’s 0.14% credit assessment as of 2026. It excludes other fees.
What it means for your costs
Network fees are not the same as processor markup, and you cannot negotiate the network’s published fees. Your processor or acquiring side passes network charges through to you. The part to negotiate is the processor markup, not interchange or the network’s required charges.
Per-authorization fees add a small fixed charge each time a transaction is authorized. As of 2026, Visa’s Acquirer Processing Fee is $0.0195 per US credit authorization and $0.0155 per US debit authorization. Mastercard’s Network Access and Brand Usage fee is $0.0195 per authorization. Visa also charges a monthly Fixed Acquirer Network Fee based on card-present locations and card-not-present volume.
Where network fees appear on your statement
Look for line descriptions such as Visa Assessment, Visa APF, Visa FANF, Mastercard Assessment, and Mastercard NABU. Wording and grouping differ across statements, and a processor can combine network charges into a summary line. Compare the amounts and transaction counts with your sales and authorization activity, then separate those pass-through costs from the processor’s markup.
What you can actually change
- Separate the layers. Identify interchange, network fees, and processor markup on your statement. Focus price negotiations on the markup.
- Match fees to activity. Compare Visa APF and Mastercard NABU charges with authorization counts, and compare percentage assessments with the sales they apply to.
- Review debit routing. Regulation II requires at least two unaffiliated networks on each debit card. Check whether your debit transactions are routed through an available lower-cost network.
Frequently asked questions
Is a card network the same as a payment processor?
No. The network routes transaction messages and sets network rules. Your processor moves transaction information between your business and the other parties, and your acquiring side handles card payments for your business. One company can provide more than one of these services.
Can I negotiate card network fees?
No. Network fees and interchange are set outside your processor’s markup. You can negotiate the markup your processor charges, and you can review transaction data and debit routing to avoid costs caused by preventable processing issues.
What card network fees should I look for on my statement?
Look for descriptions such as Visa Assessment, Visa APF, Visa FANF, Mastercard Assessment, or Mastercard NABU. Statement wording and grouping differ, so compare the amounts with your card sales, authorization counts, locations, and card-not-present volume.